Areas of Focus in Polity:

• Features of preamble
• 42nd Amendment
• Swaran Singh committee

• Basic idea about 12 schedules

• Basic idea about All articles
• Historical Background
• Drafting committee and making of the Constitution
• Influence of other constitutions
• Its salient features
• Union and its Territory
  • Basic idea about Article 1-4
  • State reorganization and different Commissions
  • Federal nature
  • Recent issues

• Citizenship
  • Basic idea about Article 5-11
  • PIO, NRI, OCI and Pravasi Bharathiya Divas
  • Privileges available for Indian citizens and foreigners
  • Citizenship Amendment Act 2016
  • New policies, schemes and recent changes in voting.

• Fundamental Rights (FR)
  • Basic idea about Article 12-35
  • A thorough understanding about Articles 14- 30 and Art. 32
  • Rights and privileges available to citizens of India only and both to citizens and foreigners
  • 44^th amendment act
  • Different types of Writs
  • Enforcement and Exceptional cases with regard to FR’s
  • RTE and recent issues related to FR

• Fundamental Duties(FD)
  • Article 51A
  • Difference between FR and FD
  • Significance and Criticism
  • Enforcement of FD’s
  • Recent issues about FD

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
  • Basic idea about Article and Article 36-51 and Article 368
  • Sources and key features of DPSP
  • Classification of DPSP
  • Comparison/ conflicts between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
  • Keshavananda Bharathi, Minerva Mills, Golaknath Case, Maneka Gandhi case.
  • Important Amendments- 42nd Amendment, 44th Amendment, and 97th amendment

• Union
  • Basic idea about Article 52-73
  • Qualification and Election
  • Function and Powers- (Executive, Legislative, Financial, Judicial, Diplomatic, Military and Emergency Powers)
  • Resignation and impeachment
  • Role and responsibilities and relationship with Prime minister, Council of Minister, Cabinet ministers.
  • Prime minister and council of minister- Basic idea about Article 74-75
  • Powers and Functions
  • Council of ministers
  • Resignation and Removal
  • Attorney general

• Parliament
  • Basic idea about Article related
  • Role and functions of the Parliament
  • Sessions, Motions, Parliamentary procedure – Summoning, Prorogation, Joint sitting
  • Parliamentary proceedings like Question Hour, Zero Hour, and Adjournment Motion etc.
  • Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha,
  • Special powers of Rajya Sabha
  • Anti defection law and 10^th schedule
  • Parliamentary Privileges
  • Bill and law making procedure
  • Budget, funds and its summary
  • Parliamentary Committees

• Judiciary
  • Basic idea about Article related to the judiciary.
  • Powers of Supreme court and high court
  • Qualification and appointment
  • Removal procedure
  • Recent controversy, verdicts, and constitutional provisions.

• State Government- State Executive
  • Governor- appointment, removal and special powers.
  • Executive, Legislative, Financial, Judicial powers and discretionary of governor
  • 7^th constitutional amendment
  • Chief minister and council of ministers
  • Power of chief minister

• State Legislature
  • State legislature compared to the Parliament with regard to composition, powers, and functions.
  • Bicameral legislatures
  • Creation and abolition of the Legislative councils

• Administration of Union Territories (UT)
  • Special provision for Delhi
  • Administration and jurisdiction in UT’s

• Administration of Special Areas
  • Basic idea about 5^thSchedule 6th Schedule
  • Recent issues related to Administration of Special Areas
  • Special provision for Jammu and Kashmir-Article 370
  • Difference between constitutional provisions related to Jammu and Kashmir

• Emergency Provisions
  • National emergency- Article 352
  • President’s rule or State emergency- Article 356
  • Financial emergency- Article 360
  • 44^th amendment act
  • Effects and implications of emergency
  • Role of President in emergency time
  • The State of FR, Lok sabha, and Rajya sabha
  • Revoking emergency

• State- centre and interstate relations
  • Basic idea about Articles 262 and 263
  • Composition and functions of Interstate council and Zonal council
  • Inter-State trade and Commerce
  • Recent disputes between states, controversies etc
  • New policies or schemes which impact interstate relations

• Panchayati raj and municipalities
  • Elections, auditing, powers and authority of panchayats
  • 3 tier structure
  • 73rd Amendment Act and 74th Amendment Act
  • Relation with FR and DPSP
  • Schemes introduced
  • Metropolitan planning committee and urban development
  • Reservation

• Constitution Bodies
  • Election Commission
  • UPSC
  • SPSC
  • JPSC
  • Finance Commission
  • National Commission for SCs and ST’s,
  • Composition, Powers and functions, Removal of the Constitutional bodies

• Non-Constitutional Bodies
  • Basic idea about Composition, Functions, Working of the Non-Constitutional bodies such as National Human Rights Commission, Central Information Commission, Central Vigilance Commission, Central Bureau of Investigation, State Human Rights Commission, State Information Commission etc

• Tribunals
  • Basic idea about Article 323A and tribunals under Article 323B
  • Recent controversial issues related to tribunals
  • Different tribunals and importance

• Special Provisions for SC’s, ST’s, Backward Classes, Minorities and Anglo-Indians
  • Privileges and right issued to SC’s, ST’s, Backward Classes, Minorities and Anglo-Indians
  • Issues related to vulnerable sections like women, child, SC’s, ST’s, Backward Classes, Minorities and Anglo-Indians

• Current affairs
  • Recent issues related to above-mentioned categories
  • Important schemes, programs, missions, laws, and policies launched by the government.
  • Recent Government Bills and Governance- actions